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Marijuana is federally illegal in the United States but some states have made it legal for medical or recreational use. Medical marijuana studies are still ongoing and the effects of long-term usage are yet to be determined. Legalization allows for closer study of the drug's effects. Marijuana in the United States overview. Marijuana is classified federally as a Schedule 1 substance and this means it is federally illegal for both medical and recreational use. Marijuana has been made legal in some states for either medical or recreational use or both. Findings in medical marijuana studies are still premature but through the legalization of marijuana we can study the effects more closely and in the future find long-term potential long-term effects of marijuana usage.