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The New York State Nurses Association conducted a study on nurse-to-patient ratios. They found that hospitals with a ratio of 1 nurse to 8 patients had more deaths compared to hospitals with a ratio of 1 nurse to 4 patients. The study also showed that low ratios led to higher nursing turnover and lower patient satisfaction. This turnover is costly for hospitals, as it can cost up to $88,000 to replace a nurse. If hospitals had safe staffing ratios before the pandemic, they could have saved $720 million by reducing hospital stays and readmissions. The next research study that I found came from the New York State Nurses Association and it helps by giving a lot of examples of how an increase in nurse-to-patient ratio is dissatisfying for the patient but also for the nurses. The first example it gave was hospitals that staff at a 1 to 8 nurse-patient ratio experienced five additional deaths per 1,000 patients than a hospital that recommends a 1 to 4 nurse-to-patient ratio. This study doesn't just give examples of the patient side of patient-to-staff ratios but it also gives some examples of the nursing side and it says that when ratio is below a proportion there is an increase in nursing turnover and a decrease in patient satisfaction. So an increase in nursing turnover can also hurt the hospital. This gives an example as to how it also costs the hospital money. It says turnover is expensive and the average cost to replace an RN ranges from $82,000 to $88,000. The last thing that it says is that if the New York State hospitals had safe staffing ratios in a two-year period prior to the pandemic they would have saved upwards of $720 million because they would have avoided days of hospital care from shorter lengths of stays and fewer readmissions.