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Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn, ond rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Rwy'n gobeithio y byddwn yn gweithio'n fawr iawn. Helo, mis Taw Aid. Helo, mis Taw Aid. Mis Taw Aid, can you hear me? Helo, mis Taw Aid, can you hear me? Helo, mis Taw Aid, can you hear me? Helo, mis Taw Aid, can you hear me? Helo, mis Taw Aid, can you hear me? 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Good evening to you all, we really appreciate your time and for coming to our program. Meanwhile, this is our first edition of the podcast in trying to enhance and stimulate sustainable agriculture, which has been a very, very zeal, pushing on forward in the family farmers' fund. Thank you very much, thank you, Mr. Rajen, for having us here. God bless you, sir. Thank you, Mr. Waid, thank you. We really appreciate your presence here. Thank you for your time. So, moving on, Mr. Waid, would you like to give us a brief on what integrated farming is? We would love to know more about integrated farming. As you all know, you are an expert in the farming field and you are a graduate in agriculture, so I think you should have a broad knowledge of what integrated farming is, which I would also like to learn. So, sir, please can you give us a brief summary of what integrated farming entails? Yes, thank you very much, Mr. Rajen. Well, let me say, we'll start from the aspect of the English, actually. Most of us here, we are farmers, and let's say anticipating farmers, those that are farmers already, those that are willing to be a farmer, those that are seeing opportunities in farming. And I will also start my briefing from a saying from a wise man that actually said, for as long as people are being born and they must eat, an agriculturalist has a guaranteed prosperous future. So, this thing is very, very simple, because our day-to-day activities is all about eating, eating, eating, and it has been our field that is sustaining our lives. So, moving down to integrated farming, actually, you know, to understand the overall concept of integrated farming, so that we will not just be scared, ah, what is integrated, which one is integrated, again, which one is, what is integrated is just the English language, actually. It is something that we are actually familiar with, something that we know, something that we have been doing probably unknowingly. Well, you know, as one of the main, or let me say, the rationale for this podcast is actually to enlighten us and to bring to our memory, let me say, bring to our knowledge, all these things that we have been doing in agriculture that we are not that aware of. So, integrated farming is something, you know, that we have been doing both traditionally and in the modern agriculture. So, it only entails, you know, mixing different areas or different aspects of agriculture, when you are bringing them together with the sole aim of maximizing your output. So, you know, in agricultural science, it's all about making money, you know, all about maximizing output. When you put something, when you invest, when you put something into cultivation, the main aim is to realize something at the end of the day. So, agriculture is all about input and output. All the input that are involved, the plant, the crops, the farm machineries, the labourer, the capital, and the output, they are all our yields. At the end of the day, we are able to harvest 100 bags of rice, 100 bags of maize, 10,000 layers, eggs, and so on and so forth. All these ones are the outputs. So, in a nutshell, maximizing output. So, as a farmer, we are all businessmen and women. So, there are some ways in which we minimize what we put as effort in order to maximize what we get. So, minimizing input to get a maximized output. It's all about, like, that's the main concept of integrated farming. So, moving forward, integrated farming is, you know, also when you are bringing two, more than two farming aspects, in which these things, like this aspect linked, they're linked. So, and the primary aim is to increase the quantity and quality of food production, most especially organic food production. So, while you are generating renewable biogas, you know, there are some aspects of agriculture that is a sustainable environment. So, while we are sustaining the environment, so we are also realizing organic manure simultaneously. So, this is just the primary, you know, or let me say the primary definition of integrated farming. So, in another aspect, let me come in from another angle. We can say integrated farming is a sustainable way of practicing agriculture. Because everything you are doing in integrated farming is not a waste. So, a waste product in an aspect of farming is a renewable product in another aspect of farming within a farming system. So, that is just all about integrated farming. Yes, sir. Okay, sir. Okay, sir. I really appreciate you, sir. This is a very exciting topic. So, would you like to, let's dive into details of integrated farming. So, I would like you to actually tell us about the concept of integrated farming. What are the key elements that a farmer can integrate into their farming operation? Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Yes, as I said earlier, you know, I said integrated farming is something that we have been doing as a farmer. Something that we have been doing probably traditionally or in a modern way of agriculture. So, as a farmer, you know, there are some ways in which we try to maximize our output by putting in little effort. Now, for example, sorry, modern farmers, they minimize cost and maximize agricultural productivity and product, you know, by implementing some skills. These skills may be traditional, and they may be all these contemporary skills. So, traditional in the sense that, for example, a farmer that actually has a problem of erosion on his farm may try to plant, you know, probably let's say that farmer based on maize production. And this farmer is actually encountering an erosion problem. And, you know, traditionally, our fathers, they believed that there are some plants that can actually divert the flow of water. When you plant them against the landscape or you plant them against erosion, they help and divert water in such a way that the farm will not be eroded. So, as a traditional farmer, this farmer has actually planted the maize. And the next thing he's doing is like planting, sorry, planting a cover crop, legume, probably cowpea or these forms of vignette species. So, you know, with the aim or with the rationale that once the rainfall, this cover crop will be able to prevent the flow of water into my farm. So, traditionally, that is integrated farming. You know, simultaneously, this farmer has actually planted this and he planted cowpea. So, maize as the main plant, cowpea as, let me say, a preventive plant. At the end of the day, he will be able to harvest the maize and also harvest the cowpea. Meanwhile, the main aim is for just the cowpea to help prevent erosion on the farm. So, that is a traditional way of integrated farming. So, it's not only about the English language, it's all about the practice. You know, in agriculture, there should be the bridging of gaps between theories and practices. So, it's all about the English, the integrated. It's just only about what we have been practicing and what we need to know about these things and what we need to do to bring these things to another level. So, that is a traditional way. And there are many ways that farmers actually, like many things that they do to enable them, you know, sustain or, let me say, engage in sustainable agriculture. So, that is just the typical concepts of integrated farming. And normally, you know, in agriculture, everything is lined, like it occurs, you know, let me say simultaneously. When you have an animal farm and you have a crop farm on the same land, in that case, like under the same farming system, you are rearing an animal and at the same time you are planting crop. In such a way that when you harvest your crop, the crop residues will be used as food for the animals. In that case, that is integrated farming. You are creating synergy. You are creating relationships between the production of animals and the production of crop, and that is integrated farming. So, in a nutshell, that is the basic concept of integrated farming. So, without digressing or moving away too much from our context, it's just to enlighten us, you know, what this integrated farming is. What we have been doing as farmers that are actually integrating different aspects of farming and what we need to do to sustain this particular concept in order to bring our farming to another level. So, that is the basic concept of integrated farming. Yes, sir. Hello, Mr. Richards. Are you with me, sir? Yes, I am with you, sir. So, that is the basic concept of integrated farming, sir. Okay, okay. That's good. Well, this integrated farming is quite interesting. So, also, let's not forget, sir. So, sorry to cut in, sir. I said, you know, when we are talking about all the concepts of integrated farming, I seem to talk about the advantages of integrated farming. Oh, okay. I was about to ask you. I was about to ask you the advantages of integrated farming. So, in a nutshell, let's see if I guess what you are trying to say about integrated farming. So, integrated farming is quite a way of reducing waste in farming. We have situations whereby we see farmers, you know, let's use maize for instance. Farmers plant corn and after harvesting the corn, you get maize. So, they tend to, you know, they plant the cotton and the residue from the corn harvest, they tend to burn it and which cause environmental damage. So, adopting integrated farming, instead of burning those wastes which will lead to environmental damage, you can actually give it to a livestock whereby the livestock will feed on it and use it as food. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. I really appreciate that insight from you because those are the major advantages. Let me say even merit of integrated farming. When you are not allowing any form of your product to be a shortage or to be waste. So, that is when you are maximizing the output. Meanwhile, let's say you are putting in the same effort while you are realizing more than two or three outputs. Exactly. So, what I was saying about the advantages, there are a lot. There are a lot of advantages. Can you give us three examples of the advantages and disadvantages of integrated farming? Yes, yes, yes. You know, farmers are able to diversify their income. In a sense that, you know, the main aim of agricultural production is to realize money. If I'm not quite lying, because there are different aspects of agriculture, you know, all these subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture. At the end of the day, we need to realize money. We need to see the outcome of whatever we have done. So, for a farmer to be able to engage or adopt integrated farming, this farmer will be able to diversify, will be able to have different areas of production, will be able to, for example, a farmer that has combined crop production and animal production, without letting the crop residues, you know, without wasting them, turning them to animal feed at the end of the day, you know, this farmer will be able to realize income from both crop and animal. So, this is one of the major advantages of integrated farming. Also, you know, when you are combining two aspects of agriculture, or let me say farming, in one way or the other, you are trying to improve probably the soil quality, the water quality, water conservation management, etc. But in this case, I'm trying to talk about the improvement of soil health. Because when you have your animals on the same land that you plant your crops, when you have your animals on the same land that you plant your crops, your animal will be dropping their waste on that soil. So, you know, in a circular form, this waste will drop, the animal dunks will drop on your soil, will decay, turn to humus. The humus then adds some essential nutrients to the soil, improving the soil fertility, for the crop to be able to peak and, you know, enrich their planting system in order to give us good output. So, putting everything together, integrated farming also enables our soil to be rich. So, also, you know, this aspect of farming, you know, especially when we adopt it in Nigeria, it can help us, you know, boost food insecurity. The problem of food insecurity that we have in Nigeria. This integrated farming can actually help us. When a farmer is actually practicing more than two aspects of farming, combining everything together without a waste, without shortages. So, I think the problem of food shortages in Nigeria will be solved. Also, there's this case that I said the other time, when the soil health is improving. Actually, the soil health is not improving at all. It is actually the fertility of the soil. And also, you know, when the soil is fertile, it will not only benefit the planting, but also increase the productivity or, let me say, the yield of the farm or of the farmer. So, there are a lot of advantages that integrated farming actually brings to us that we actually probably would not know. For example, now, you know, biogas from plant and animal waste. This biogas is always associated with when we are rearing cattle. We have many cows. I know that under their pain, you know, once we've gathered their dunks, their waste, you know, and we have large amounts of cow waste, like cow dunks. This thing can be turned to biogas. Biogas in a sense of generating, you know, energy for lighting, for cooking, and for doing a lot of things, even on the farm, even for generating electricity. So, that is a form of integrated farming. At times, it might not be that you are taking crop and animal together. It might be that you are benefiting from your animal farm. For example, now, using cow dung to generate electricity now. That means you are deriving, you are deriving, you are deriving, I don't know the English like I'm trying to use. So, you are deriving, you are getting, so you are able to use the animal dung to create electricity. That means it is actually serving some kind of purpose, one way or the other. So, that is also a kind of integrated farming. And it is one of the advantages that integrated farming actually brings to us. So, in a nutshell, the advantages include diversification of income, increase in soil fertility, increase in cash crop production. Also, organic manure will be in essence. Normally, please, I'm very sorry to digress from this area. In organic manure, they add nutrients to the soil in a very little form. Organic manure is very different from all this inorganic. Inorganic will, you know, add nutrients to the soil in a large amount. But, so far we have large, you know, so far we are able to combine both animal and crop. So, on a continuous basis, we will have more of organic manure production and the soil will be rich in natural elements which are different from synthetic. So, that we will not waste our time. These are the advantages of integrated farming. So, I'm very sorry. Let me quickly mention some disadvantages. So, the disadvantages are just the complexity and management of the farm. That means, a farmer that wants to produce integrated farming, we have to do two things at the same time. We have to take care of the animal and take care of the plant. We have to take care of the animal, take care of the biogas, the animal dung that will be used in generating electricity. We have to bring complex things together. So, these are one of the disadvantages. Also, you know, there are some levels of knowledge that a farmer needs to attain before he or she will be able to practice integrated farming. So, lack of technical know-how or lack of how to do it is one of the disadvantages. Because a lot of people are out there trying to do integrated farming in an ignorant way. In a way that they are not well informed. Because there are problems when you start combining two entities that cannot go together. So, let me come from this aspect of association in biology. Because biology is all about agriculture and agriculture is all about biology. So, when you are bringing two things that are not compatible, you will be creating problems and be affecting the biodiversity, or let me say, bio-ecosystem. So, for example, there are some combinations of farm entities, or let me say, even farm animals that you cannot bring together. That they cannot do well together. So, these are one of the disadvantages. If you actually do not know more about the integrated farming, do farming so that you know the possible combination of farming types that you can actually do. So that there will not be problems. Once you get problems from that, you will be affecting biosecurity. You will be affecting the ecosystem. And once all these things are being compromised, it is no more safe for both our animals and the plant. So, there are other problems like land requirements. Because as a farmer, you need large expanse of land to be able to practice this type of thing. Or even, it might not be even large expanse of land, but at least you still need to have enough land so that you will be able to practice this type of thing. You that want to bring two things together, you should know that the requirement in terms of land will be something that is compulsive for you to actually meet. So, there are some other things, but these are the major things that actually contribute to the disadvantages of integrated farming. Also, there is resistance to change, or let me say, market demand. You know, at the end of everything, who will sell? The combination of the farming system that you actually adopt, will you be able to market them? Are they marketable? Some of which, at times, if these things are not marketable, everything is at loss. So, let me stop there. So that we will be able to move to the other aspect of the integrated farming. Okay, sir. I really appreciate it. It is a very enlightening section with you. Actually, let me just summarize it all. On what you said. Just to see if we all understand. You get me? So, actually, you gave the first advantage of integrated farming to be a mutual relationship between a plant and an animal. Whereby, if you are cultivating a plant, do you get me? A plant is taking nutrients from the soil, and it will replenish the nutrients of the soil. So, if you are cultivating a plant, and you are rearing an animal on the same field, although you have to demarcate it. Yeah, obviously. Because the animals will finish all our plants that we are cultivating. Actually, this will be under a controlled environment. So, everything will be under a controlled environment. Okay, no problem. So, the waste product of these animals will act as a natural fertilizer to this plant. Instead of wasting money to start getting inorganic fertilizer, we will have access to organic fertilizer. So, it is quite beneficial to the plant and the soil. Also, you mentioned something about fossil fuel. Am I correct? Yes, the fossil fuel. Actually, I will come to that. I was talking about the biogas. Okay, the biogas. Generating power from animal waste. There was something I came across on social media, whereby this farmer was gathering animal waste to use to generate electricity and all that. That is quite advanced technology. We get to know that even animal waste can generate electricity for us, which is also an advantage of degraded farming. Practically, in a nutshell, in degraded farming, nothing is a waste. It is all about recycling, recycling, recycling. So, after you harvest your crop, the remnant of your crop, instead of burning it, creating environmental damage and all that, you can actually recycle it. Probably, maybe for corn, now you can grind it, chop it into little pieces and use it to end feed. Or, give it to your livestock, like your goat or your cow, so that they can feed on it. Yes, they will definitely feed on it. Actually, this one I just said is one of the major sources of energy feed in animals. Because our animals, there are different types of feed that we can give to them. So, we are talking about hay, hay silages and soilages and all these aspects of feed. When we harvest our grain, we try to reduce the moisture content and so on. So, don't let us waste time on that. But, it is actually one of the aspects of integrated farming. Okay, okay. So, it is actually nice. Knowledge has been shared and I think everyone should be able to understand what integrated farming is. If anyone has a question... Mr. Aichos, Mr. Aichos, Mr. Aichos. Because, this thing will be well encompassing and it will not be confusing. There are some examples of integrated farming. Okay, thank you. There are some examples like what people have actually done and that is successful. Because, we should be able to reflect on that and also educate ourselves on that. Because, one of the examples of integrated farming is when you are rearing fish. You know, in integrated farming, fish production is one of the most combined farming systems in agriculture. So, fish farming is one of the most combined types of farming when we are talking about integrated farming. Okay. You know, the fish is one of the major animal that resides in the water. Like, one of the major animal that women eat that actually lives in the water. So, fish lives in the water. It is just like you combining an aquatic animal. You are combining it with a terrestrial animal. It is a very perfect combination. That is why fish production combined with other aspects of terrestrial animal production is one of the most practiced integrated farming. So, for example now, we can actually combine fish with pig farming. In a sense that, you know, when we have our pig from the pig unit, their waste products, which is their dongs. You know, once all these dongs are able to, you know, to be dropped, like have been dropped, probably in such a way that the pig is conserved in such a way that it is above the fish pond, or probably adjacent to the fish pond in such a way that their waste products will be directed to that fish pond. You know, fish is just like pig too. Yeah, they feed on waste products. Yes, they can actually convert anything to carcass. There is nothing you give to a cook now that will not eat. There is nothing you give to them that they will not convert to carcass, to meat. So, the same thing applicable to fish. The only thing is just that in fish production, once you are not giving them pellets, once you are not giving them all these imported feeds, and you are giving them all these traditional feeds like dead animals, all these kitchen waste, make sure that you are changing their water, their habitat. You are changing them in probably a short period of time, and it should be rigid. So, when you are combining fish and pig, the pig dongs is being directed into the fish pond. Here, inside the fish pond, the pig dongs, like the dongs from the pig, is not actually probably directly useful to the fish, but will serve as fertilizer to the plant inside the pond. Because inside a nesting pond, there are zooplanktons. There are plants that are inside this pond, and this plant, they actually need to grow for the development and growth of the fish too. So, once these dongs are being passed into the fish pond, the zooplanktons, which are the plants inside the water, they take these things and utilize them in form of manure in order to grow. And you know, once these things are growing inside the water, there will be respiration. Respiration within the water. Fish will be able to breathe in here and breathe out here, inside the water. There will be good exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide for the fish inside the water. And also, fish can also feed on these plants in the water. So, this is a typical example of integrated farming. Also, fish can also be mixed with chicken farming. Chicken farming, probably broiler production, layers production. In such a way that this, you know, normally, there are some fish farmers that they actually buy all these poultry waste to feed their fish. So, in a very simple way, you can actually bring your fish inside the pen where you have your chicken. In such a way that their waste will be dropping directly inside the fish pond. These fishes will be able to, you know, will be able to take up essential feeds. You know, there are some waste that will be mixed with all these poultry waste. For example, the wheat, the feed that I've dropped on the floor. At times, this feed will drop directly inside the fish pond. That is, if you actually have your fish pond on that net, your cage. Probably the battery cage where you keep the layers or the broilers. So, you know, inside the waste, or let me say, inside the broiler waste, all these, they are droppings, yes. We also have what is maggot. Maggot is a good source of protein for fish. It has about 80% of protein. Actually, a fish grows. So, once these things are being dropped inside the fish pond, the fish will be able to take in some essential aspects. In order to sustain their life and to grow well and faster. Remember, the more you feed your fish, actually determine their weight. It is not that fish will reach this, no, no, no. So, the more they have access to, you know, feed, the more they grow better. So, also we have fish. We can mix fish with cattle. We can mix fish with rabbits. All these things, you know, if you don't have, you know, there are sometimes the parasites. All these are the parasites that are on the body of animals. They drop inside the fish pond. The fish will be able to eat. They will be able to feed on them. So, at times you, you integrate bananas, ginger, and coconuts on the same land. Some have adversities, some have tough roots. In one way or the other, they are helping their growth and development. So, that is all about the examples of integrated farming that we have. So, that everything will encompass, like everything will be together. Like what we are trying to see from this morning, everything will be together in one point. So, those are the examples of the integrated farming. Okay, okay. Thank you very much, Mr. Wahid. It is a very enlightening section. Well, I myself have learned a lot about integrated farming. This one you said about fish and animal waste. It is something I was not particularly aware of before. But now that you said it, I will try it out. I will try it out and see how it works. Exactly. Because I am planning on rearing a fish, I mean a fish pond. But I do rear chickens. So, I will try it out. Exactly, exactly. Because at least today you have your fish and you have your poultry products. Exactly, we keep two heads in one stone. Exactly. In life, you have to know how to add one plus one to keep two. Especially in the economy that we are in. So, we will talk about every month, which is about every first week of the month. Whereby we will try to enlighten people on how they can cultivate the habit of farming. Even if it is in Moscow, it is going to be beneficial for them. Even if it is in Moscow, we will try to teach people. We will try to show them the advantages and how they can work out as a degraded agricultural farm. So, we really appreciate your time Mr. Wai. We will be coming to the end of the session for today. I hope everyone has learnt one or two things. If there is any question, please leave it in the chat box and we will get back to you. So, thank you very much Mr. Wai. I really appreciate your time and your support. Thank you very much. Yes, you are welcome sir. So, we will be coming to the end of today's program. I really appreciate all our listeners that took their time to listen. Although, we had some honest discussions later on when we talked. Until this time next month, let's keep up the spirit of agriculture. Let's not give up on agriculture. Majority of foodstuffs in Nigeria are being processed. Just a few of these are being locally produced. So, let's keep up the spirit of agriculture and let's embrace agriculture. So, that's what I would tell us forward. So, Mr. Wai, do you have anything to say? Well, there is not much to say because there are a lot of things to know in agriculture. Agriculture is complex. Agriculture is wide. Just the one that we know. There are practitioners out there. There are a lot of people out there. It's just for our people to understand the rationale behind our podcast which we will be doing right from this moment at a particular time in every month. It's just to follow us to understand the aspect of agriculture that will enable sustainable production, food maximization, also that will provide a solution to the problem of food insecurity in our country. So, nobody is an island of knowledge. We are all here to share together, to listen to ourselves, to know the new trend in agriculture, and to promote quality food production in the agricultural sector. So, thank you very much, Mr. Richards. I really appreciate it. God bless you. God bless you, sir. We've come to the end of today's podcast on discretioning to be a good farmer. See you next week, and bye-bye.